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E. SEWARD.

Cultivator-Teeth.

No. 67,456. Patented Aug. 6. I867.

Inventor:

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PLOUGH.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 7

Be it known that I, ELIAS SEWARD, of Hamilton, in Butler county, in the State of Ohio, have invented a new. and useful Improvement in Ploughs; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exnctdescriptionthereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 represents a side view of my plough fastened to the plough-standard.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of same, with a portion of the beam and standard.

In the drawings, the letter A denotes the standard, which is connected with the beam D in the usual manner. B denotes the plough, which is made of a single piece of metal. The shoe C'is formed with a horizontal base consisting of the two bevelled edges d d, e e, which rest upon the ground, and serve to support and aid the plough to adjust itself as it progresses in the field. The well-known shovel-plough is so-constructed as to require the aid of the ploughman to prevent it from tilting laterally, and to cause it to follow the desired direction. It is well understood that such ploughs, as they have been hitherto made, require not only great muscular effort of thc plo'ughman to govern them when in use, but they are of heavy draught, owing to the fact that they stand at an angle closely approximating to a right angle to the horizontal line.

My improvement in the construction of ploughs designed for cultivating corn and other crops obviates the objections above referred to, while it possesses the advantage of depositing the soil at both sides of the standard and partly behind the shoe, which raises the earth or soil as it progresses. Instead of breaking the ground by having the front surface or face of the plough thrust against it, my plough cuts its furrow with'its angular edge, which is always occupying the same horizontal position; and when the soil is so cut by the edge of the plough the mould is gradually raised upon the convex face of the shoe C, and discharged in rear of and at the sides of the curved shank 71, the latter serving to aid in the work of separating and pulverizin'g the earth. i

It is evident that my plough, with its broad base and wedge-shaped angular edges, will run steadily and in the line directed without any considerable effort of the ploughman to govern it. In rear of the two heel-points e e the plough is cut away by the curved lines a: at, which form the boundary of the shank l1, thereby forming at equal distances on each side of the standard D places of discharge of a portion of the soil without elevating it to any considerable degree. This feature of the construction, and the fact that the entire shoe in front of the shank, from the point z to the centre of the same between the two heel points e e, stands at an angle of only about ten degrees to a horizontal line, confers the capability of running with great ease and facility and with the least power of draught. The mould being elevated as the plough progresses, it is broken up and separated by the curved shank h with much less power of draught than would be required to break up and separate it before it is so elevated by the action of the shoe 0, and this is one of the features of superiority of my invention over the ordinary shovel-plough, which, at the same time, breaks and elevates the soil.

The width of the shank it maybe of less extent than represented in the drawings, but it must be sufficiently wide, and of a circular or curved form, to serve the purpose of breaking up the earth which is cut loose and raised up by the shoe C, also for the purposeof causing the pulverized mass to be deposited in close proximity to the growing corn and in rear of the heel points e e. It will be seen that the contraction of the shank at :v 2: provides discharge space for a portion of the furrow or mould elevated by shoe G andwhich, by the use of the ordinary shovel-plough, would be thrown to the rightand left, and cover the grow ng corn or a part: of it unless very great care is taken by the ploughman. Therefore my improved plough will enable the ploughman to plough close up to the hills of corn without covering it with soil or brenkinglt down with clods of earth.

Having fully described my improvement in ploughs, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

The self-adjusting plough B, made with the convex shoe C, having the angular horizontal base d d, e e, and curved receding shank it, as a new article of manufacture, constructed and operating in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 22d day of April, 1867.

ELIAS SEWARD.

Witnesses Gso. L. DOTY, H. P. K. PECK. 

